Trials and Tribulations of a Homosexual Essay - 1598 Words

The history of the gay rights movement has been a hard fought battle within the United States. In fact the first gay rights movement dates back to 1924 with the creation of The Society for Human Rights in Chicago, Illinois. It wasn’t until the 1960’s that gay rights started to make progress. In the year 1969 The Stonewall Riots took place when gay, lesbian, and transgender patrons of a New York bar were raided by the police. This forever changed the movement from isolated incidents to a world wide phenomenon. As generations proceeded, institutions such as the American Psychiatric Society began to classify homosexuality as a disease, which was later retracted in the 1970’s and was no longer considered a mental disorder. At this time†¦show more content†¦These same people who oppose homosexuality then influence their children who act in the same manner in which they do. Students today learn words such as â€Å"queer† and â€Å"fag† all too soon and teach other students to tease and taunt those who may possess slightly feminine characteristics this in turn causes the said student to have absolutely no self esteem and to view his or herself in a unhealthy and unnatural way. Complete acceptance of homosexuality will probably never be gained within society however there are still various adversities homosexuals must endure more than heterosexuals, such as anti-gay bullying within school systems, various types of discrimination, and ultimately fighting for their basic rights. As a child they must deal with certain factors that they cannot change no matter how hard they try. For example eye color, hair color, height, weight, and so on and so forth. Then based on these factors it is determined whether a child is liked in school by others. However there is another factor, that determines if a child is liked, and that is, whether a student is gay . Students nowadays judge one another solely based on belief if someone is gay . Children use the â€Å"gay† word out of context everyday and the effects of their harmful slander can be detrimental. Teachers and principles may refer to this as just normal bullying,Show MoreRelatedShould Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt? Essays838 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexual people have faced many trials and tribulations in pursuit of living a normal and happy life. There are many controversial events and topics that are barriers blocking complete happiness. Although those barriers are in place, the people in the LGBT subculture seem to making the best of every situation. Fighting for their rights and changing laws to protect them are paving the way for a brighter future. In hopes of being normal, many same-sex couples want to have a family and for some theRead MoreThe Holocaust : An Horrific Time965 Words   |  4 Pagesidentification labels which were given numbers, tattoos or triangles. According to USHMM the triangles were as follow, â€Å"Criminals marked with green, political were red, â€Å"asocials† (including Roma, nonconformists, vagrants, and others) were brown, homo sexuals were pink, and Jehovah Witnesses were purple. Jews wore the yellow Star of David.† These markings existed for all in the camps women, men, and children. Many of the survivors of these torturous times have lived to recall such devastating eventsRead MoreComparing Two Diaries, Donald Vining s A Gay Diary Vol Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagescreated a subsequent backlash against homosexual practices. Vining and Duberman’s diaries document an extension of gay freedoms in the post-World War II period. Although Vining and Duberman give contrasting accounts of their lives as gay males in the postwar period, common themes could be drawn in the form of friendships, sexual activity, relationships, and backlash by heteronormative society. Vining had a social sphere consisting of predominantly homosexuals due to his metropolitan location. ViningRead MoreEssay on The Right to Same Sex Marriage1590 Words   |  7 PagesSame sex marriage is a highly controversial topic that has been lingering in America for some time now. The American society prides itself in the provision of equal rights and opportunities to all, yet, homosexuals continue to be discriminated against and denied their rights to marriage. It is often believe that â€Å"marriage is a commitment between two people that love each other and want to share the rest of their life side by side. It is not measured by whether it is a man and a woman, or a coupleRead More The Wars by Timothy Findley Essay711 Words   |  3 Pagesand be a soldier. Well you can go to hell. I’m just another stranger (p28).† Captain Taffler also betrayed Robert, even though he didn’t realize it. Robert set him up as a role model to emulate during the war, but once h e found out that he was a homosexual, Robert’s ideals of people he looks up to in war were crushed. â€Å"He picked up a boot and held it in his hand. Its weight alarmed him and the texture of its leather skin appalled him with its human feel. He through the boot across the room and shatteredRead MoreThe Responsibility Of Organizational Effectiveness837 Words   |  4 Pagesinclined to have a following supporting the trials and tribulations of bringing a product or service to market than their counterparts who do not follow-through on their promises. Pope Francis is an authentic leader who advocates changes in the Catholic faith even when unpopular with the masses. He chooses to lead by example by living a modest life, abolishing titles glorifying egos, forgiving abortions, and refusing to judge the lifestyle of homosexuals (Jamieson Lavanga, 2015; Scott, 2015). Read MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Bright Lines Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel Bright Lines tells the story of a Muslim family in the heart of New York and their trials and tribulations as they face the assimilation of American culture. Throughout the story, the young characters, Maya, El, and Charu are the most affected by this assimilation because they clash with what their elders think is best. El is a particularly interesting character because he is the most affected by the division of the two cultures he was raised in. The audience often sees El confused aboutRead MoreWaiting To Exhale : Book Review : Waiting To Exhale1188 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships with men, relationships, and a number of both personal and professional problems that each of them endures. Though they each have problems of their own, they depend on each other’s compassion and care to get them through their trials and tribulations and their preoccupation with their relationships helps to tell each of their stories. Black men are important to them and in this sense, the novel presents the womenâ⠂¬â„¢s frustrations and heartaches, which allows the story of what constitutesRead MoreRemember The Titans Film Analysis1202 Words   |  5 Pagesduring the segregation years. One African American coach is picked to be head coach at a school in the suburbs. His team is forced to play with another team that is all white males. Both coaches and players have to go through many difficult trials and tribulations. At first the teams show out and let eachother know that they don’t like each other but in the end become good friend in spite of the segregation. This paper will analyze this film through the social psychological principles of racism, conformityRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare And Carol Ann Duffys Subvert Traditional Roles Of Gender And Sexuality1740 Words   |  7 Pagesforcing us to consider the traditional roles of gender and sexuality anew. In â€Å"From Mrs Tiresias†, Carol Ann Duffy wittily subverts the gender role of men as strong and masculine, depicting the male figure as unable to cope with the monthly trials and tribulations of being a woman. She tells us that he had to have: â€Å"One week in bed. Two doctors in. Three painkillers four times a day†. The humorous use of increasing numbers mirrors Mr Tiresias’ perpetual spiral out of control when he tries to cope with

Ancient Persian Society Sample Answers Essay - 5585 Words

Society Kings Reigns Cyrus: 560-530 BC Darius: 522-486 BC Xerxes: 486-465 BC Artaxerxes: 465-425 BC What was Susa? Susa was originally the capital of Elam, located in a fertile agricultural area. Darius I is credited with transforming the city into the administrative capital for the Persian kings. It was accessible to Babylon, Ecbatana and the eastern parts of the empire. Identify three Royal Palaces in this period Susa, Pasargadae and Persepolis Who or what was Bel Marduk? Bel Marduk was the principal Babylonian God at the time of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great. Bel Marduk is honored in Babylon for bringing order to the cosmos, creating humankind and defending all other Gods against a usurper. What is meant†¦show more content†¦As part of a feudal system, males workers were liable to recruitment into the kings army as foot soldiers or the king’s navy as rowers. They provided wealth and income for the king and the empire. What was tribute? The administrative costs of the empire were met by tribute. Most tribute sent to the treasuries of Persia was in the form of manufactured goods and metals, especially silver and gold dust. It could also be given in the form of produce, where the amount for each satrapy was worked out on the basis of the cultivated land and its crop capacity each year. Tribute was collected by satraps and provided as gifts to the great king. Who or what was Pasargadae? Pasargadae is the building site of Cyrus the Great where he created an expansive garden complex. It suggests that an emerging significant feature of successful kingship was the ability to harness the resources of the empire for impressive building achievements. The two main building structures at this site are the Palace and the Apadana. Pasargadae also contains the Tomb of Cyrus. Name THREE occupations in Persian society during this period Stonemasons, Artisans, Miners Name two activities of Persian kings Commencing and completing grand building projects, Accompanying troops on campaigns to expand the empire Describe the organisation of Royal Treasuries Royal treasuries were important for finance and storage of wealth. They were grandShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empire: What Went Wrong?1253 Words   |  6 Pagesfounded as a small farming town in 753 BC. It grew to a vast empire that enveloped the whole Mediterranean Sea. It spanned from the western shores of what is now Portugal, to as far as the modern day Persian Gulf to the east. It remained as the world’s largest and most powerful empire in the ancient world for about 1100 years. But by 476 AD, the stress of war and the multiple sackings of Rome proved too much for the once mighty empire. There have been many theories and debates by scholars and historiansRead MoreThe Marijuana Growers Guide9909 Words   |  40 Pagesmellowgold.com/grow As far as we are aware, it s the only place online to find it, please distribute this file freely. - Mellow Gold Staff CONTENTS Foreword Preface History and Taxonomy of Cannabis [1] Cannabis and Ancient History [1.2] Cannabis and American History [1.3] Cannabis and: Species or Varieties [1.4] Cannabinoids : The Active Ingredients of Marijuana [2] Cannabinoids andRead MoreMass Media in General and Newspapers12440 Words   |  50 Pageswhich are informative headlines, stimulating headlines and the combination of informative and stimulating headlines. * Informative headlines: This type of headlines is to describe the main content of the articles. It summarizes the whole articles, answers simply one of the basic questions such as who, what, where, when, how and why. * Stimulating headlines: This type of headlines only contains some factors related to the main content of articles. Their main goals are to make readers curious andRead MoreEmperor of all maladies Essay8098 Words   |  33 Pagestraining their wits against an infinitely resourceful adversary that, just three decades ago, was thought to be easily vanquished in an all-out â€Å"war against cancer.† The book reads like a literary thriller with cancer as the protagonist. From the Persian Queen Atossa, whose Greek slave may have cut off her diseased breast, to the nineteenth-century recipients of primitive radiation and chemotherapy to Mukherjee’s own leukemia patient, Carla, The Emperor of All Maladies is about the people who haveRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAssessment 226 Scoring Key 226 Comparison Data 226 SKILL PRACTICE Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 227 Observer’s Feedback Form 227 Answer to Matchstick Problem in Figure 3.4 229 Answer to Shakespeare Riddle in Figure 3.5 229 Some Common Themes Applying to Water and Finance 229 Answer to Name That Ship Problem in Figure 3.6 230 Answer to Nine-Dot Problem in Figure 3.7 230 Answer to Embedded Pattern Problem in Figure 3.8 231 PART II 4 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS BY COMMUNICATING

How Is Resolution Achieved in Othello free essay sample

Othello is a masterpiece, a compelling tragedy that can be interpreted in many ways, by many different people. It is compelling as it breaks the racial stereotypes and focuses on gender, power, love, sexuality race and violence of the Elizabethan time, compared to modern society. Since the film’s production, many attempts to re-contextualise Othello into more accessible contemporary issues have been made. We, as the audience, are challenged to new ways of reading and interpreting the text through different critical approaches. A New historicist and a feminist reading are applied to Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy, Othello. A new historicist critical reading of Othello is primarily interested in exploring the underlying ideologies evident in the text. Hence, new historicists examine both the implicit and explicit activities to racial digression represented in Othello. Shakespeare’s contemporaries are aware of race and differences, and it can affect the way of someone’s race position. We will write a custom essay sample on How Is Resolution Achieved in Othello? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Othello partly understands himself as someone who is needed and necessary to Venetian, that the state needs him. In some ways, the image of himself is more important to him than anything to do with his relationship with Desdemona. He is unaware and unselfconscious of the fact that he is black, an outsider and has an alien origin. He was always effortlessly in charge. He had such power and authority that he never had to think twice about the image of himself. However, In Act 1 Scene 1 of the play, Othello’s simple virtues stand no chance against Iago’s master of deception. The play opens with Iago proclaiming his hatred for Othello. Iago has been passed up for a promotion, which went to a less experienced man. Othello, whom is Iago’s master, has made this decision, which Iago obviously does not agree with. His hatred may have started on a professional level, but in part due to Othello’s heritage, Iago’s contempt quickly deteriorates to racism. This brings about a reoccurring paradox in Othello. While an extremely powerful man in a political context, his race makes him inferior in a white man’s society. Iago is able to trick his master and manipulate him on a consistent basis. As Iago and Brabantio’s conversation develops, it becomes clear they both despise Othello, and will do anything to bring him down. Racist comments are made to Othello, bringing it to his attention that he is actually different. At this stage, he becomes aware of this, and loses any self confidence he has. â€Å"Your son-in-law is far more fair than black† â€Å"When devils will the blackest sins put on†. As the play continues and eventually comes to an end, Othello grows less in control of himself, and is very vulnerable. He doubts himself, and is continuously contradicted by Iago to bring down his reputation. He starts believing his loyal wife Desdemona is having an affair on him, because he is black, and puts himself down because of this. â€Å"Haply for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chambers have. † It follows therefore, how a new historicist critical interpretation of Othello can be useful in exposing some of the attitudes, values and beliefs of Shakespeare’s Elizabethan audience. Racism is an issue in Othello, a story of black versus white, and deals with the idea of a black hero and a white nemesis. Whilst a new historicist critical reading can be interpreted, the play also implies a feminist critical reading interpretation. A feminist reading is essentially focused upon how gender assumptions, particularly those associated with women, operate in the reading of a text, and how the text sustains and challenges patriarchal structures and the submissive roles of women. Othello serves as an example to demonstrate the imbalance of power compared with men, the beliefs associated with women’s roles and also the men’s perspective. There are only three women in ‘Othello’: Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca. The way that these women behave and conduct themselves is undeniably linked to the ideological expectations of Shakespeare’s Elizabethan society and to the patriarchal Venetian society that he creates. Women in Othello are presented in the play as women as possessions, women as submissive, and women as ‘whores’ Following his hearing of Brabantio’s complaint and Othello’s defence, the Duke eventually grants permission for Desdemona to accompany Othello to Cyprus. Othello speaks to his ensign Iago, ironically describing him as a man of ‘honesty and trust’, informing the Duke that ‘To his conveyance I assign my wife’ Desdemona, as Othello’s wife, is treated as his possession: he implies that she is a commodity to be guarded and transported. Othello’s fear of Desdemona’s sexuality erupts into slanderous abuse on a number of occasions. He refers to her as ‘whore’, a ‘subtle whore’ and a ‘cunning whore’, in addition to multiple references to her as a ‘strumpet’. Bianca is described by Iago as a ‘housewife’ and ‘strumpet’ although there is no evidence to suggest that she actually is a prostitute. This is not to say, however, that the women of the play fail to question men at all. As Emilia talks to Desdemona at the end of Act IV, Emilia is fairly damming in her opinion of men. In a speech, Emilia argues that women are physically no different to men. ‘Let husbands know, their wives have sense like them; they see and smell,aAnd have their palates both for sweet and sour as husbands have’ In conclusion, it is therefore evident that resolution is achieved at the end of the play Othello, through different ways of reading the text. It is apparent that both a Feminist and a New Historicist reading can be adopted.

Plastic bags environment free essay sample

Plastic is extremely bad for the environment. It is one of mans worst inventions. Plastic is non-biodegradable. This means that waste plastic cannot be turned into any other substance that is eco friendly. Although tonnes and tonnes of plastic are burned in the most advanced incinerators, all that remains in plastic. It doesnt change into anything else, as many other materials do. Hence plastic waste is dangerous to the environment. Plastic carry bags reach the drainage system and this causes clogging especially during the rains. If too much plastic ends up in a lake or a pond, it creates a layer that denies oxygen to everything below so that no plant or animal life can survive in that water body. If animals eat plastic bags thrown in rubbish dumps, it knots up their intestines and they die painful deaths. If plastic lies on land, it can choke it to the extent that nothing will grow there again. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic bags environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hence, plastics must be done away with completely. There are many alternatives to plastic and we should use them. For shopping we can use cloth or paper carry-bags. We can get milk in bottles or cardboard cartons. We can use metal containers to store things that are now stored in plastic containers. Many things now made of plastic can have better and eco-friendly alternatives. So the earlier we say good bye to the plastic the safer be the future of the planet Earth. Evaluate the main problems associated with using plastic bags. Critically assess possible solutions to reduce these problems. The serious pollution caused by plastic bags has become an urgent environmental issue, it has attracted more and more concern. Today,plastic bags are widely used in retail i Environmental issues have within the recent years become a frequently debated matter and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a new determinant for consumers purchase decisions. As a consequence of this, ever more companies have begun to implement different CSR initiatives in order to ta Many solutions exist to reduce the negative externalities of plastic bags. The three main solutions available are taxations on plastic bags, bans on plastic bags and subsidies to improve methane capture technologies. The following provides a discussion on each of the solutions, including the advanta Plastic bags are not biodegradable, so they get littered onto a wasteland which causes soil erosion causing damage and harm to the trees. If plastic bags are burnt, they emit hazardous gases causing air pollution which causes damage on the ozone layer. The Plastic can be reduced by u not using lo The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a rapidly growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to more than one billion people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s n The Harm of Plastic bags Intro to Environmental Science Eric Tremblay Grantham University The Harm of Plastic Bags The slide presentation on plastic bags was alarming. For years I have heard that plastic was such a bad thing for the environment. I figured with that with the technology availa Environmental Pollution Research Paper In Natural Science 1 (Foundation of Physical Science) Submitted to: Atty. Vicente T. Pena Submitted by: Rafols, Aldo Neil B. I. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is contamination of air, water and land from man-maEnvironmental Pollution Research Paper In Natural Science 1 (Foundation of Physical Science) Submitted to: Atty. Vicente T. Pena Submitted by: Rafols, Aldo Neil B. I. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is contamination of air, water and land from man-maReduce Usage of plastic bag Plastic! Plastic! Plastic!. this materials is use by people all over the world. Plastic uses for many activity,mainly for carry things. we can see plastic every day and every where in our life. at shop even at stall. Usage of plastic has advantage and disadvantage. The adva

The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension

Knowledge management system is a cluster of technologies that aid the collection, arrangement, transmission and circulation of knowledge in an organisation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some aspects of systems and technology that relate to knowledge management include intranets, data warehouses and data mining tools, applications for brainstorming and help desk, push technologies, workflow systems, document management systems and information retrieval engines (Maier 2004). First, intranets offer a perfect avenue for circulation of information. Nevertheless, most organisations present too much information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation, which makes it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. This incidence has attracted attention from scholars. While some academicians propose that organisation s should convey their entire knowledge to the intranet, others are of the contrary opinion (Tsui 2005). These scholars feel that the intranet should be separated into the webserver and the technological infrastructure. This separation can boost the pace of integration for application developers and enhance access to data for various clusters of knowledge personnel. These proponents of intranet separation argue that imposing all knowledge assets onto the webserver cannot be compared with letting users obtain the entire business knowledge, via a web browser. Second, document management systems act as stores of crucial company records and are thus central stores of explicit information (Schwartz et al. 2000). Besides, document management systems are useful instruments for crafting and processing intricate documents (Wiggins, 2000). These systems thrive in controlling the course of document formation, processing and evaluation. A number of organisations are using document management to manage enterprise knowledge (Davis et al. 2005). Nevertheless, most users never take part in intricate document formation directly and thus, do not obtain sufficient value from these systems because they never take time to learn how they should be used.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While most organisations do not use document management systems in knowledge management systems, they act as essential knowledge silos that should be incorporated into the business knowledge network. Third, most organisations use technology to retrieve information comprising legacy matter (Tsui 2005). Such technology can either be in the form of intranet services or business repositories. Dealers of information retrieval continue to add aspects like natural language inquiries and relevancy ranks, which augments the rate and accuracy of finding data, in order to gratify the wants of information searchers. Forth, companies utilise groupware systems for communication among users in units or workgroups (Housel, 1999). This system enables formal and impromptu communications in situations where instant communication is impossible. Hence, groupware is a crucial technology since it facilitates the exchange of implicit information. Nevertheless, groupware databases must be incorporated into the enterprise knowledge construction (Tsui 2005). Processes of knowledge transfer usually happen on an impromptu basis when the call for knowledge crops up somewhere in the business, although, businesses also have many formalized procedures that control information flow (Stankosky 2005). For instance, procedures of creating proposals usually oblige the writer to gather preceding knowledge assets and obtain endorsement on the whole proposal (Stankosky 2005). These procedures require controlled and prearranged information review (Awad, 2007). Fifth, technologies that facilitate transmission of d ata to end-users have obtained substantial attention. While e-mail has played this role for long, novel web-based technologies, have provided an enhanced structure that offers instant information as well as the capacity to push content and applications. Capacities of agents are usually significant in settings that have intense knowledge, where personnel lacks sufficient time to supervise resources with discreet information frequently. Systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets, which they require to examine, without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, most institutions utilise help-desk technology to react to both external and internal needs for information (Maier 2004). Nevertheless, the knowledge accrued in these systems can contain many, full applications than responding to certain queries. So as, to obtain this potentially useful information, organisations must amalgamate their help-desk technologies with their knowledge management system. Further, use of brainstorming instruments instigates creative thinking. Such end-user applications facilitate classification and systematisation of knowledge resources. Hence these applications are valuable for knowledge construction. A Company’s knowledge management system should offer a straightforward method for users of these applications to recognize, capture and distribute the outcomes of these activities with others in the industry. Lastly, most organisations have adopted data mining tools and data warehouses because of the need to formulate decisions from complex data collections (Stankosky 2005). Companies have created data warehouses in order to exploit current relationships and establish new relationships amid distributors, consumers an d internal practices. Hence, KM systems should offer significant access to data warehouses through using typical protocols (Thierauf 1999). Besides, organisations with KM systems should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research (Rollett, 2003). This section reveals that knowledge management should start by choosing knowledge that requires management. It does not make sense amass lots of knowledge in one area, as this will only make it difficult for such knowledge to be assessed. This is so for organisations that present too much information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation and making it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. A consideration that should be made in knowledge management systems is the nature of the working group, as well as, information that should be conveyed to the working group.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, organisations that use document management to manage enterprise knowledge should offer training on how such systems should be used. Also, users who are not familiar with data mining procedures experience difficulties while using reports in fields of research. Hence, systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets they require to examine without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching. Similarly, organizations with data mining procedures should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research. Use of technology and systems enhance the competence of management processes in organisations and offer new ways of improving the ability of reaction to environmental necessities (Jashapara 2004). Technology systems play various roles including making data accessible to persons, storing vas t amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of transactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities (Olivera 2000). Use of information systems in order to create knowledge may assume two shapes. The first shape is the ability to integrate knowledge from external sources. The second shape is the capacity to generate new knowledge from the restructuring and reexamination of existing and lately obtained information. Similarly, Information Technology (IT) aids the procedure of knowledge transmission. Technology allows people to synchronize the logistics of face to face conferences. Technology may also be used to record proficiency of members in an organization, thus, promoting knowledge sharing and ensuring access to the right personnel (Barnes 2002). Some systems like groupware offer a virtual space where members can process knowledge and information immediately, providing increased chances of interaction (Lee Choi 2003). Spaces of exchange grow to be the ideal situations to create innovative and ingenious behaviours surrounding issues and circumstances. An essential trait of these virtual communities and exchange spaces is that they depend on the democratisation of information. Therefore, they allow the manifestation of natural flows of the association s and transference, which in turn supports inventiveness and novelty (Narayanan 2001). Further, technology facilitates the process of knowledge organisation and preservation. Technology supports the standardisation and computerisation of some tasks, aiding conversion of implicit information into explicit data (Anand et al.1998). Equally, technology offers the required systems to organise and keep the knowledge. Nevertheless, knowledge stores should be available to organisation members and should be in a shape that will allow every member to make identical interpretations, thus, becoming a component of the knowledge base for the entire organisation. Technology, together with its practices and platform principles, offers an ideal system for connecting dispersed persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information that is vestiges in memory bins. This allows new knowledge to be construed and combined with existing information (Tippins Sohi 2003). First, a knowledge management program should be open and distributed. By description, a knowledge management system connects available knowledge silos. Preset procedures and application programming interfaces allow incorporation amid applications like e-mail, groupware and document management services (Tsui 2005). While applying unifying structure, organisations should make sure that the information construction is supple enough to cater for the growing needs of entity organizations. Besides, knowledge management systems must enable system management from every location through using ActiveX, HTML and Javascript that can be accessed through every attuned web browser (Barnes 2002). Second, a knowledge management program should be customisable. Organizations should have a customizable knowledge management system. This system must provide user interfaces through templates for customization by users (Tsui 2005). A well-built knowledge management system must facilitate easy amalgamation of new and available applications. It should have documented APIs that enable the organisation to connect systems. For example, when the system manager connects a screening system to a technical documentation store, he can push the right technical documentation straight to a repair expert in case the screening system discovers that a system is faulty. Third, a knowledge management program, should be measurable. Measurement is a vital feature of any knowledge management endeavor to hit the correct balance between technological and organisational transformations. Organisations can establish whether the systems are producing the preferred outcome, by computing a nd processing the outcomes. Every knowledge management system must have instruments that enable managers to quantify and confirm usage to obtain an image of how the system gets utilised, establish performance obstructions and, most significantly, utilise the information to develop the process of organisational knowledge transmission. Lastly, a knowledge management program should be secure. Whereas conventional applications require the manager to offer access to those who require specific information, applications of knowledge management center on exploiting access to information. Hence, knowledge management applications are apt to necessitate the manager to bar access to certain content parts to staff members or administrators who should not have access. A knowledge management program must protect repositories and safeguard security models that are evident in current knowledge silos, while enabling access to those who require them in the organisation. Generating and controlling the enterprise security construction is a difficult issue. Nevertheless, new principles like Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) seek to fuse distinct systems and abridge their administration (Barnes 2002). LDAP enables the knowledge management system to obtain user rights, without obliging anyone to reconstruct and uphold user directories in the knowledge management system, and all the accessible knowledge bases (Barnes 2002). The Role of Systems and Technology in Knowledge Management There exist different opinions when it comes to the role of systems and technology in knowledge management. Those who denounce the role of technology and systems in knowledge management see this perspective as a disruption from customs, administration and change management (Ruggles 1997). These scholars argue that individual socialisation and organisational conduct stipulate the quantity of knowledge which transfers among individuals and thus, do not see technology as a solution to knowledge mana gement (Stankosky 2005). On the same note, some scholars argue that real knowledge becomes generated and used in the course of externalisation, internalisation and amalgamation, which are outside the sphere of knowledge management technologies (Nonaka Takeuchi 1995). Similarly, Ruggles (1997) bases his argument upon an examination of many corporations and stresses that what counts is the activities that people perform with computers and not the computers themselves. He also stresses the role of users’ inspiration and dedication in IT performance. On the other hand, there are information technology proponents who view technology as the answer to the knowledge management problem. These proponents argue that technology offers the required systems to organise and keep the knowledge. For instance, Olivera (2000) asserts that technology systems play various roles in making data accessible to persons, storing vast amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of t ransactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities. Similarly, Stankosky (2005) claims that technology allows people to synchronise the logistics of face to face conferences, and it may also be used to record proficiency of members in an organisation, thus, promoting knowledge sharing and ensuring access to the right personnel. Besides, technology together with its practices and platform principles offers an ideal system for connecting broadly, dispersing persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information that is vestiges in memory bins (Tippins Sohi 2003). Regardless of all these arguments, I believe that an efficient knowledge management program necessitates an adjustment in both technology infrastructure and organisational behaviour. While technology facilitates an organisation’s knowledge management processes, it is not the answer to an organisation’s knowledge management requirements. That is to say proficient knowledge management programs necessitate both social and technical skills. Besides, the use of intranets or groupware is not sufficient to provide business performance. Such technologies have to be accepted and operated by humans, incorporated in their work contexts and efficiently employed while getting motivated by the performance results of the business. Most proponents of knowledge management systems concentrate on technology and not how people in organizations obtain distribute and generate new knowledge for the gain of the entire organisation. For instance, Ahmed and Lim (2012) reveal that human aspect of organisational knowledge construction obtains little focus in knowledge management. Proponents of knowledge management systems view technology and systems as vital in an organisation’s capacity to manage knowledge (Ahmed Lim 2012). They see use of intranet technologies as one way that has reduced obstacles to sharing knowledge. Besides, they argu e that Information technology has a vital role in facilitating knowledge transfer processes across many organisations. However, organisations should know that Knowledge management does not just involve setting up new software or modifying a diminutive feature of the business. While this study focuses on the fourth dimension of knowledge management, other dimensions of knowledge management such as learning and culture cannot be ignored, since knowledge management is an integrated topic. The fourth dimension of knowledge relates to learning since it is through learning that humans can be able to operate and share information using technology. Besides, culture relates to the fourth dimension in that it is only through human relationships that use of technology in knowledge management can be possible. Also, Individuals must be flexible and willing to accommodate change In order to embrace the use of new technology. Hence, all dimensions of knowledge management relate to the fourth dimen sion. In conclusion, knowledge management entails sharing knowledge amid people in the organisation, as well as, using technologies and systems to aid the sharing and distribution of knowledge. Failure to acknowledge this fact has caused many incidences of knowledge management systems failure. For instance, some organisations use document management to manage enterprise knowledge without learning how such systems should be used. Also, users who are not familiar with data mining procedures experience difficulties while using reports in fields of research. Hence, systems of knowledge management must offer a method for users to obtain the precise forms of knowledge assets they require to examine without obliging them to know complicated methods of searching. Also, organizations with data mining procedures should offer a method to describe and offer access to general reports to enable users who are not familiar with data mining procedures find and use reports on fields of research. This is because an effective knowledge management system must exploit both technology efficiencies and affluence of human interaction, in order to create a business application that is knowledge-intensive. In other words, knowledge management can only be effective when it involves technology and human integration. Also, technology together with its systems offers an ideal system for connecting broadly dispersed persons through a common system and allowing members in an organisation to have easy access to information. However, knowledge management systems must only contain relevant information. It makes little sense amass lots of knowledge in one area, as this will only make it difficult for such knowledge to be assessed. This is particularly so for organisations, which present lots of information on the intranet, thus creating data accumulation and making it hard for both employees and managers to access information swiftly. This paper further demonstrates that knowledge management is a multidimensional issue that has some elements of interpersonal relations and culture. Hence, while technology and systems offer an ideal system for connecting broadly, an efficient knowledge management program necessitates an adjustment in both technology infrastructure and organisational behaviour. This is because proficient knowledge management programs necessitate both social and technical skills. Lastly, use of technology and systems enhance the competence of management processes in organisations and offer new ways of enhancing the ability of reaction to environmental necessities. Technology systems play various roles including making data accessible to persons, storing vast amounts of data, offering communication modes, creating records of transactions and communications, as well as, computerising activities. References Ahmed, P. Lim, K. 2012, Learning through knowledge management, CRC Press, London. Anand, V., Manz, C., Glick, W. 1998, ‘An organizational memory approa ch to information management’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 23 no. 4, pp 796–809. Awad, E. 2007, Knowledge management, Pearson Education, Delhi. Barnes, S. 2002, Knowledge management systems : theory and practice, Thomson Learning, South Melbourne. Davis, J., Subrahmanian, E., Westerberg, A. 2005, Knowledge management organizational and technological dimensions, Physica-Verlag Heidelberg :New York. Housel, T. 1999, Knowledge management for the telecommunications industry: strategic analysis report. The Consortium, Chicago. Jashapara, A. 2004, Knowledge management : an integrated approach, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Lee, H Choi, B 2003, ‘Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination’, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 20 no.1, pp 179–228. Maier, R. 2004, Knowledge management systems : information and communication technologies for knowledge management, Spring er, Berlin. Narayanan, V. 2001, Managing technology and innovation for competitive advantage, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Nonaka, I. Takeuchi, H. 1995, The knowledge-creating company, Oxford University Press, New York. Olivera, F. 2000, ‘Memory systems in organizations: an empirical investigation of mechanisms for knowledge collection storage and access’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 37 no.6, pp. 811–832. Rollett, H. 2003, Knowledge management: processes and technologies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Ruggles, R. L. 1997, Knowledge management tools, Routledge, London. Schwartz, D., Divitini, M., Brasethvik, T. 2000, Internet-based organizational memory and knowledge management, Idea Group, Hershey. Stankosky, M. 2005, Creating the discipline of knowledge management : the latest in university research, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam. Thierauf, R. 1999, Knowledge management systems for business, Quorum Book, Westport. Tippins, M. Sohi, R . 2003, ‘TI competency and firm performance: Is organizational learning a missing link’? Strategic Management Journal, vol. 24 no.8, pp745–761. Tsui, E. 2005, ‘Technology in knowledge management’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 9, pp1367-3270. Wiggins, B. 2000, Effective document management: unlocking corporate knowledge, Gower, England. This essay on The Fourth Knowledge Management Dimension was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Nav1.7 is a sodium ion channel that in humans is encoded by the SCN9A gene The WritePass Journal

Nav1.7 is a sodium ion channel that in humans is encoded by the SCN9A gene Introduction Nav1.7 is a sodium ion channel that in humans is encoded by the SCN9A gene IntroductionLiteratureCombining investigation of Nav1.7 Variation with Pain CohortsClinical analysis of rs6746030ReferencesRelated Introduction Literature Nav1.7 is a sodium ion channel that in humans is encoded by the SCN9A gene(Stewart et al, 2003).   It is highly expressed in pain sensing neurons which are of two types, the nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and sympathetic ganglion neurons, which are parts of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (Cox et al, 2006). In human’s mutation in SCN9A cause three human pain disorders, resulting in bi-allelic loss of function mutations in Channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain (CIP), while activating mutations causes temporal pain in Paroxysmal External Pain Disorder (PEPD) and primary Erythermalgia (PE) (Drenth et al, 2007). Mutations in SCN9A leads to a complete inability to experience pain, which is due to lack of protein production. In organisms such as mammals amphibians and reptiles, it is of upmost significances to have the intelligence to feel harmful situations (Shevelkin et al, 2005). Pain which is a sense protects us from damage of the tissue by notifying us of situations that are able to cause injuries and stimulate tissue recovery. Combining investigation of Nav1.7 Variation with Pain Cohorts The increased activity of Nav1.7 due to SCN9A mutations are due to very serious pain connected to paroxysmal extreme pain disorder and primary erythermalgia which has clearly noticeable association of several clinically recognizable features (Estacion et al. 2009). In this research they investigated 578 individuals who shared similar characteristics with osteoarthritis (OA), five showed an important relationship with pain score in a linear relapse which include a modification in age, sex, body mass index and age-gender interaction; rs6432896, P = 0.048; rs7604448, P = 0.036; rs10930214,P = 0.027; rs6746030, P= 0.016; and rs7595255, P = 0.02, after 27 SNPs were been screened in SCN9A. Out of the five single nucleotide polymorphisms that showed an important association with pain, the last four were in a bond or union that lacked stability, after the disequilibrium bond analysis. Four of the SNPs which have important affiliation with pain score are all located in the introns and did not influence mRNA order. Cepeda et al (2007) state that SNP rs6746030 with little frequency encodes a tryptophan (Nav1.7-1150W), while a higher frequency encodes for arginine (Nav1.7-1150R) and is found on exon 18 and it influences the amino acid at point 1150 of Nav1.7, in other words, 1150R is a preserved amino acid and can be added to the normal action or work of Nav1.7.   It is evident that an individual in the general public having rs6746030 A allele would be assumed to feel pain provocation when compared to others. The limitations of this research are in the modification of their age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and also the examination of individuals with similar characteristics (cohorts).Further research and examination could be carried out on SNP rs6746030 for analysis with additional pain cohorts and also with individuals having different characteristics because of its active result in regression examination. Clinical analysis of rs6746030 Diatchenko et al (2005) point out that pain reaction to various investigative processes was examined. The result was achieved that C-fiber activation was actively combined with rs6746030. The result suggests that A-allele-driven clinical pain is mediated by the arousal or stimulation of C-fiber   which indicates the feeling of diffuse, dull, aching pain. Diatchenko et al. (2007) further claim that individual having the genotype AA feels more pain while individual having GG genotype feels less pain because clinical and investigative pain analysis backs   an additive idea for the result of rs6746030 alleles. Similarly, Waxman et al. (2005) point out that SCN9A is a consequential contributor to human pain sensation and clinical pain ailments and this is as a result of the stimulation of mutation in SCN9A which leads to an acute irregular pain while an unstimulated mutation results in a total absence of pain. Diatchenko et al. (2005) feel that pharmacological materials that alter the responsibility of SCN9A(Nav1.7) are possibly beneficial in the treatment of this condition. Individual suffering from distinct amount of pain for each stimulus is due to their rs6746030 genotype. As each individual seems to have distinct genetic susceptiveness to pain, further analysis should be carried out to be conscious of the fact that openness to various class of anaesthetic is also genetically determined.    References Cepeda M.S, Camargo F, Zea C, Valencia L.(2007). Tramadol for osteoarthritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis.   34:543–555. Cox j.j, Reimann F, Nicholas A. K, Thornton G, Roberts E, Springell K, Karbani G, Jafri H, Mannan J, Raashid Y, Al-Gazali L, Hamamy H, Valente E.M, Gorman S, Williams R, McHale D.P, Wood J.N, Gribble F.M, Woods C.G.(2006). An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature. 444:894–8. Diatchenko L, Nackley A.G, Tchivileva I.E, Shabalina S.A, Maixner W.(2007). Genetic architecture of human pain perception. Trends Genet. 23:605–613. Drenth J.P, Waxman S.G.(2007). Mutations in sodium-channel gene SCN9A cause a spectrum of human genetic pain disorders. J Clin Invest. 117:3603–9. Estacion M, et al.(2007). A sodium channel gene SCN9A polymorphism that increases nociceptor excitability. Ann Neurol. 66:862–866. Shevelkin A.V, Kozyrev S.A, Nikitin V.P, Sherstnev V.V.(2005). In vivo investigation of genome activity and synaptic plasticity of neurons in snails during learning. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 35:595–603. Stewart W.F, Ricci J.A, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R.(2003). Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. Jama. 290:2443–54. Waxman S.G, Dib-Hajj S.(2005). Erythermalgia: Molecular basis for an inherited pain syndrome. Trends Mol Med. 11:555–562.

What were the causes of the Mexican-American war Essay

What were the causes of the Mexican-American war - Essay Example Before the war, several issues had occurred. First, Mexico got its independence from Spain in 1821, and it comprised of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama (Brands, Breen and Williams 222). The state under Mexico at independence owned states of California, Nevada, Utah, Texas and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming. The negotiation between the US government and Mexican government led to complications. In 1835, the Mexican president took steps to change Mexico from the Federal Republic to Centralist Republic. The move led to rebellion and cessation of Yucatan and Texas. However, the Mexican government waged war to recover the two states. Yucatan was recaptured, but Texas managed to become a state on its own by defeating the Mexican army. Mexican government warned the US against Texas Annexation (Brands, Breen and Williams 123). The US president John Tyler knew California had riches compared to Texas. In fact, the president valued the California because of the riches and stated the importance of the acquisition of the area. The president was a strong believer of Manifest Destiny, which was translated to mean the annexation of all North America into the US. Despite the disliking of Texas by the president, he was pushed to accept it, and Texas was annexed. The successor President James K Polk ratified led to war with Mexico. The fear of losing Texas was the main propellant of the war. The Mexican government wanted to protect and win back Texas, but the war decreased their chances of winning the state thus massive loss for the government. The Mexican American war was based on land and states. The association of some states in America led to aggression by the Mexican government. The success of annexation encourages development of the federal government of US while creating aggression by Mexico (Brands, Breen and Williams 145). During the 19th century, the war between Mexico